odoo:c9ea7fd4 found in branch saas-19.1 +200 -4 ( 4 ) ( 1 ahead , 0 behind )
Subject: [FIX] html_builder, website: remove unnecessary image data in DOM
Author: Serhii Rubanskyi ( <seru@odoo.com> )
Commit date: 2026-05-10 17:45:02

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enterprise:dc6e209f from base: master

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design_themes:80aa5ad4 from base: master

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